Author: madoo211

  • how to get out of depression

    how to get out of depression ?

    In this article, we will talk about this illness , symptoms ,reasons and the most important thing is how to get out of depression

    so that one can of it he should know secrets this illness and solve his complex puzzle through

    addressing its details and analyze with a scientific curriculum way

    What is depression ?

    It is mentally and psychotherapy disorder it characters by deep and continuous sadness and pain .

    In other hand , it is awfully increase with mood Depression is considered the most of illnesses that it is misunderstood and

    it is killer The women are more susceptible to infection than men .

    Causes of depression

    There are many causes of depression that are directly and indirectly

    Brain chemistry imbalance

    lack of two materials serotonin and dopamine in brain leads to depression that means there are internal and external effects .

    it effects to imbalance with increase and decrease

    Genetics

    Through inherited genes some families have history at depression function between their numbers and there are genes that able to

    development depression comparted with others genes

    Malnutrition

    Food that is poor in Nutrients such as vitamins lead to

    Problems and pains in body

    Patients who have dangerous diseases such as cancer in addition to those have pains in body .

    Unhealthy lifestyle

    Such las loneliness and lack of movement .

    therefor It is commen with people who don’t exposed to sun enough

    Negative life

    Such as failure and being bulled or violence also physical assault

    Experiencing a painful loss

    Such as losing a close person or job or large amount of money

    Symptoms of depression:

    There are many symptoms to depression illness like physical and psychological that effect on health and thinking

    in addition to his out look on life symptoms vary from person to anther somebody are shared with other disorders

    So it is difficult to diagnose at first One of its most famous trademarks

    • Sadness and constand feeling of distress and suffering
    • Crying for no reason where noticed excessive emotion
    • Low self esteem – Feeling of worthlessness or uselessness
    • Simple things are difficult such as choosing the clothes shopping or pay a phone bill
    • Loss are decrease in interest passion and desire in perform usual activities already or that others do it natural.
    • Retrieval of old negative memories frequently then feeling of guilt or shame Negative thinking and pessimism
    • Change in appetite increase or decrease
    • Change in sleeping increase or de crease
    • Excessive nervousness or rapid irritability

    Risks and complications

    There are many serious risks and threats that accompanies long suffering of depression or not treating on :

    1.Suicide , in the end the depression leads to suicide or even trying it ,is necessary to noticed awareness to thinking signs

    with suicide it ,is considered the cause of most deaths are caused by suicide .

    2.Increases the change of emergence to others illness such as schizophrenia and anxiety the patient will be worse .

    3.Increase addiction and its development such as al cohol and drugs .

    4.Increase physical problems that related to public health It leads to weaken immunity and a lot of diseases

    5. Low quality of life it effects on lifestyle reduces the level of satisfaction and weakens confidence and self esteem

    Treating depression

    we can treat depression that depend on updated etiology it is the most effective when we merge psychotherapy drug discuss with the doctor and psychologist treatment options that it involves drug treatment it is necessary for moderate and severe cases the treatment are dispensed by doctor for two weeks until show its effectives and notice a tangible improvement should be discussing with the doctor to take additional procedures when the patient’s condition is criticalpsychotherapy psychologist takes care of it he holds sessions with the patient that involve -cognitive behavioral therapy -affirmative therapy -a skill managing stress and crises -changing lifestyle through Having healthy food Avoiding stress as much as possible Doing sport and hobbies positive social integration

    Types of depression

    It has many types according to characteristics :

    1-severe depression2-chronic depression3-comorbidity to illness or other health disorders4-Dipolar depression5-Seasonal emotional depression6-Atypical depression

    Prevention of depression

    It is said (prevention is better than cure) There are many recommendations and strategies to avoid depression :

    Doing sports :

    it improves Endorphins production and it is considered natural for body and improves mood .

    Reducing stress :

    if you reduce the stress and control it physical and therapy stress for long time, you won’t have depression.

    It is react to continuous stress for long time.

    Caring for public health and healthy food :

    if you follow healthy lifestyle, you are protected from depression certainly.

    The human needs to sleep and relax in order to his body works naturally , lack of sleep makes him feel tired and depression all day.

    Reducing from negative effects :

    – Avoid listening to sad news and don’t communicate with toxic personalities, it maintains the mood well. -Practice meditation and relaxation:It improves the health and leads to silence, that sends thankful messages to self gratitude , So that it enhances satisfaction and reduce of depression

    Difference between the sadness and depression:

    There’s no sadness to worry, It is natural feeling Every body have it , they feel it often related to pains situations .

    Fun and sadness feelings take turn for human, But depression is for a long time .

    Upon medical diagnosis, If you have depression symptoms for two weeks , It is Strong evidence of infection .

    Latest developments in depression

    Recently, a treatment method has emerged, it is Non-surgical and non-pharmacological .

    That it is called Magnetic stimulation of the brain.

  • dengue disease

    What is dengue fever ? and how to protect against it

    Answer of what is Dengue fever or break bone fever is an illness due to an infection with a virus of

    the family “Flaviviridae” and actually there are four strains of this virus and we name them :[DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4]

    which are single stranded RNA viruses.

    What is Dengue fever ( transmittion )

    It is a mosquito-borne disease (the viruses that cause it are transmitted through mosquitoes) , it’s transmitted from infected

    to susceptible humans by day- biting “Aedes Egypti” mosquitoes (a domestic mosquito that breeds in human-made containers), also not transmitted directly

    from one person to another, and therefore special infection control measures are not required for suspected cases in hospital.

    On the other hand women who get dengue fever during pregnancy may be able to spread the virus

    to the baby during childbirth , babies of women who get dengue fever during pregnancy

    have a higher risk of low birth weight or fetal distress

    Symptoms and signs

    Infection may be subclinical (asymptomatic) but if there are symptoms, they vary from a benign

    febrile illness to a severe, life- threatening syndrome (dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome)

    Dengue fever

    • Maculopapular rash, with blanching rash typically appears after a few days, and is characteristic (white islands in a sea of red)
    • Fever
    • severe headache
    • retro-orbital pain
    • intense myalgia
    • arthralgia (hence the name ; break bone fever)

    Dengue fever usually lasts for 4 to7 days, followed by complete recovery or it may progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever.

    Dengue hemorrhagic fever / Dengue shock syndrome

    After 2 to 7 days of dengue fever, more serious manifestations of disease become apparent as increased vascular permeability and hemorrhage .

    Without treatment, mortality is 50%, but simple supportive care can reduce mortality to less than 1%.

    Adequate plasma expansion with simple crystalloid solutions is the cornerstone of therapy.

    The vascular leak syndrome typically resolves within 24 to 48 hours, and careful monitoring is required

    to avoid fluid overload during the recovery phase.

    Severe complications include:

    • Bleeding without evidence of vascular leak in particular of gastro-intestinal tract
    • menorrhagia
    • Encephalopathy
    • Encephalitis
    • Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing shock
    • May lead to death (rare)

    Epidemiology (areas affected by this disease)

    Dengue fever occur in tropical and subtropical climate, so it is most common in Southeast Asia, Caribbean

    Africa, Latin America and recently it reached countries in Europe and United States.

    What is Dengue fever (treatment)

    Treatment of this disease is symptomatic treatment because there isn’t an antiviral medication for it.

    Patient must drink plenty of fluids and Taking his shower with warm water

    And Shouldn’t eat heavy meals ,It is preferable to take medications which reduce fever as “paracetamol”

    but be attention not to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) because they have the ability to increase hemorrhage

    Prevention against dengue fever

    1. Dengue vaccine (Denguvaxia),for people ages 9-45 years old ,The world health organization (WHO) recommends the vaccine

    only to persons with confirmed prior dengue virus ,three doses of vaccine, each shot is spaced 6 months apart.

    2. Vector (mosquito) , control is effective but difficult to sustain , you can rid mosquitoes of their breeding grounds near your home

    by covering any standing water to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs, also change the water in containers which cannot be covered such as flower vases.

    Ensure the environment surrounding your home is clean and tidy, and there is not a single place which

    could become waterlogged, allowing for mosquitoes to breed.

    3. Insecticide spraying may help control an outbreak.

    4. wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, socks and shoes to prevent mosquitoes from biting you

    Conclusion

    Dengue fever may have very bad complications, so we should take care of ourselves.

    Once we feel that we have any symptom of the disease, we should tell our doctor to diagnose us.

    If you have to travel to a country that has this virus, be careful and wear clothes that cover all your body.

    Read also :

  • Monkeypox : Is It a Global Health Threat

    Monkeypox : Is It a Global Health Threat ?

    In recent years, global attention has turned to the resurgence of an infectious disease that was once considered rare: monkeypox.

    While its name might evoke images of primates, monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease

    that can affect both humans and animals.

    It was first identified in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name.

    However, the virus is more commonly spread by rodents and other small mammals.

    Since then, sporadic outbreaks have been reported, particularly in Central and West Africa, but a more alarming spread has been observed globally since 2022.

    What is Monkeypox ?

    Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus

    which also includes the variola virus responsible for smallpox.

    While monkeypox is less contagious and severe than smallpox, it shares many similarities in symptoms and transmission methods.

    Unlike smallpox, which was eradicated in 1980 thanks to a global vaccination campaign, monkeypox remains endemic in several African countries.

    Its potential for broader outbreaks has raised concern due to its ability to jump

    from animals to humans and spread through human-to-human contact.

    Symptoms and Progression

    The incubation period for monkeypox is typically 6 to 13 days but can range from 5 to 21 days. The disease often begins with flu-like symptoms: fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. One distinguishing feature is the swelling of lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), a trait that sets it apart from other pox-like illnesses such as smallpox.

    Within 1 to 3 days after the appearance of fever, a rash develops, often beginning on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. The rash evolves through several stages – from macules (flat lesions) to papules (raised lesions), vesicles (fluid-filled blisters), pustules (pus-filled lesions), and finally crusts, which fall off as they heal. The rash can be painful and may lead to scarring in some cases.

    While most patients recover within 2 to 4 weeks, severe cases can occur, especially in young children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Complications include secondary infections, pneumonia, and, in rare cases, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).

    Is Monkeypox Deadly ?

    For the majority of people, monkeypox is not fatal .

    The case fatality rate (CFR) varies depending on the strain of the virus and the region where the outbreak occurs.

    There are two distinct strains (clades) of the monkeypox virus: the Central African (Congo Basin) strain and the West African strain.

    The Central African strain is known to cause more severe disease and has a higher CFR, estimated at around 10%

    while the West African strain, which has been responsible for most cases outside Africa, has a CFR of about 1-3%.

    How is Monkeypox Transmitted ?

    Monkeypox spreads primarily through close contact with an infected person or animal.

    The virus can be transmitted via respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, or direct contact with lesions.

    In addition to human-to-human transmission, zoonotic transmission – from animals to humans – can occur through bites, scratches, or the handling of infected animals.

    In recent outbreaks, evidence has shown that monkeypox can also spread through respiratory secretions

    during prolonged face-to-face contact, sexual contact, and contaminated materials such as bedding or clothing.

    Notably, monkeypox is not as easily transmitted as COVID-19 or the flu, and it requires close and prolonged contact to spread efficiently.

    Nevertheless, the ability of the virus to persist in the environment for extended periods on surfaces

    adds to its potential for widespread transmission in densely populated areas.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    The primary cause of monkeypox outbreaks is human contact with infected animals or individuals.

    In Africa, the hunting and consumption of bushmeat (wild animals) are considered a major risk factor for zoonotic transmission.

    International travel and globalization have also played a role in recent outbreaks

    as the virus can be transported across borders when infected individuals travel.

    Furthermore, since the global eradication of smallpox in the late 20th century

    routine smallpox vaccinations have ceased.

    This has led to a growing population of individuals who lack immunity to poxviruses, including monkeypox.

    As a result, the population’s vulnerability to monkeypox has increased, which may partially explain the recent upsurge in cases outside Africa.

    Though the disease can be painful and lead to complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals

    most people recover fully.

    However, the recent global spread and the fact that severe cases can occur, especially in vulnerable populations, have raised concerns among public health officials.

    The possibility of monkeypox becoming a larger global health threat has spurred efforts to improve surveillance, vaccination, and treatment options.

    Prevention and Treatment

    Currently, there is no specific treatment for monkeypox, though antiviral drugs like

    Tecovirimat have shown promise in treating severe cases.

    Supportive care, such as pain management, hydration, and treatment of secondary

    infections, remains the primary approach for managing the disease.

    Vaccination is another key tool in preventing monkeypox.

    The smallpox vaccine, which was used during the global eradication campaign

    provides some protection against monkeypox as well.

    In recent outbreaks, healthcare workers and high-risk populations have been

    offered smallpox vaccines to control the spread.

    The availability of a new, safer vaccine (Imvamune or Jynneos) specifically

    approved for monkeypox has improved the ability to prevent the disease.

    Conclusion

    While monkeypox may not have the pandemic potential of more contagious

    diseases like COVID-19, its resurgence is a reminder of the unpredictable nature of zoonotic diseases.

    Public health vigilance, combined with vaccination and education,is essential in controlling outbreaks and preventing the virus from gaining a stronger foothold.

    With continued research, global collaboration, and a focus on protecting vulnerable populations

    we can minimize the impact of monkeypox and better prepare for any future outbreaks.

  • Effects of high temperature

    Effects of high temperature

    Why Temperatures Rise During Summer ?

    In summer, temperatures rise primarily because of increased solar radiation caused by the Earth’s axial tilt.

    This tilt directs more direct sunlight towards the hemisphere experiencing summer, intensifying the heat. Longer daylight hours during this season also contribute, allowing more time for the sun to warm the Earth’s surface.

    Atmospheric circulation patterns often create high-pressure systems that result in clear skies and prolonged sunshine, further enhancing heating.

    Additionally, surfaces like asphalt and rooftops absorb and retain more heat, while urban areas, with their dense infrastructure and human activities, tend to trap heat, exacerbating local temperatures.

    These factors combine to create the characteristic warmth associated with summer months in different regions around the world.

    What are the risks of high temperatures ?

    Rising temperatures during summer can have various effects on the human body. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures and humidity can lead to several heat-related illnesses

    High temperatures during summer can lead to serious health risks such as :

    1. Dehydration:

    Dehydration is the most prominent effect of rising temperatures.

    The body responds to heat transfer by producing sweat, which in turn absorbs heat and evaporates in the skin surface, and although

    it is beneficial, it results in losing a lot of salts and minerals in case of heavy sweating, and their loss disrupts body homeostasis, which leads to dangerous complications.

    2. Heatstroke:

    A life-threatening condition where the body’s temperature regulation fails, leading to a high body temperature (above 103°F or 40°C).

    Symptoms include confusion, agitation, hot and dry skin (no sweating), rapid heartbeat, and possibly loss of consciousness.

    Heatstroke requires immediate medical attention.

    3. Heat Cramps:

    Muscle pains and spasms that typically occur in the abdomen, arms, or legs due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

    4. Heat Exhaustion :

    Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and rapid heartbeat.
    It occurs when the body loses too much water and salt through sweating.

    5. Exacerbation of Medical Conditions:

    High temperatures can worsen certain medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and diabetes.

    6. Sunburn:

    Overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause sunburn, which is characterized by red, painful skin that may blister.

    When does summer start ?

    Summer starts around June 20th or 21st in the Northern Hemisphere and around December 21st or 22nd in the Southern Hemisphere.

    It ends around September 22nd or 23rd in the Northern Hemisphere and around March 20th or 21st in the Southern Hemisphere .

    In conclusion, rising temperatures during summer can have significant impacts on the human body, leading to heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion and heatstroke.

    It’s crucial to stay hydrated, seek shade, and take breaks in cooler environments to mitigate these risks,. Taking proactive measures can help everyone enjoy the summer season safely.